A Study on the Impacts of One-Strut Failure Scenarios for Deep Excavation in Loose to Medium-Dense Sand

This study aims to identify the impacts of one-strut failure (OSF) during deep excavation in loose medium-dense sand with respect strut loads and wall deflections. The finite element software PLAXIS was used carry out both 2D 3D analyses. In addition, as two-dimensional (2D) analysis is commonly applied engineering practice due limited budget time, reasonable transferring results obtained using analyses for OSF influences explored. It found that a failed located at lowest level center most critical case since it causes significant on load additional deflection. order adequately demonstrate such analyses, suggested reduction factor axial stiffness 2.5 should be adopted instead removing an entire struts, currently being OSF.